The 7th century in England was a period of great transformation, marked by the establishment of powerful Anglo-Saxon kingdoms and the spread of Christianity. Many significant sites from this era still stand today, offering a glimpse into early medieval life. From ancient monastic ruins to legendary fortresses, here are the best 7th-century establishments in England to visit.
1. Hadrian’s Wall and Birdoswald Roman Fort
Location: Cumbria and Northumberland
Originally built by the Romans in the 2nd century, Hadrian’s Wall continued to be used in the 7th century as a defensive stronghold by local Britons resisting Anglo-Saxon expansion. Birdoswald Roman Fort is one of the best-preserved sites along the wall, providing insights into the interaction between the remaining Romano-British communities and the emerging Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.
2. Wansdyke
Location: Wiltshire and Somerset
Wansdyke is a vast early medieval earthwork that may have served as a defensive structure against Anglo-Saxon expansion or rival kingdoms. Likely in use during the 7th century, this massive barrier stretches for miles across the countryside and remains one of the most enigmatic archaeological sites in England. Walking along Wansdyke provides not only a historical journey but also stunning views of the landscape.
3. Whitby Abbey
Location: North Yorkshire
One of the most important religious centers of the 7th century, Whitby Abbey was founded in 657 AD by St. Hilda, a key figure in early English Christianity. It was the site of the famous Synod of Whitby (664 AD), where the decision was made to follow Roman rather than Celtic Christianity. The dramatic cliffside ruins of the abbey are a must-visit for those interested in religious history and breathtaking coastal scenery.
4. Bamburgh Castle
Location: Northumberland
Originally a Brittonic fortress, Bamburgh Castle became a key stronghold of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria in the 7th century. It was home to powerful rulers such as King Oswald, who played a crucial role in the Christiani
zation of northern England. The castle’s dramatic seaside setting and fascinating museum exhibits make it an incredible place to explore.
5. St. Martin’s Church, Canterbury
Location: Canterbury, Kent
St. Martin’s Church is the oldest church in continuous use in England and played a crucial role in the 7th-century Christian revival. It was used by Queen Bertha, a Christian Frankish queen, before St. Augustine of Canterbury arrived in 597 AD to convert the Anglo-Saxons. This historic church remains a key pilgrimage site and offers a rare connection to England’s early medieval religious heritage.
Final Thoughts
The 7th century was a defining era in English history, shaping the cultural and religious landscape of the nation. Whether visiting the monastic ruins of Whitby Abbey, the legendary halls of Bamburgh Castle, or the sacred grounds of St. Martin’s Church, these destinations offer an immersive journey into the early medieval world. For history enthusiasts, these sites are must-visit locations that bring England’s early past to life.